The operations of farming for which machines are used are diverse. For crop production they include handling of residues from previous crops; primary and secondary tillage of the soil; fertilizer distribution and application; seeding, planting, and transplanting; cultivation; pest control; harvesting; transportation; storage; premarketing processing; drainage; irrigation and erosion control; and water conservation.
As a consequence, the design and operation of such equipment requires increased investment in research and development to enhance their operational and performance characteristics (see also, Human and Animal Powered Machinery).

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The operations of farming for which machines are used are diverse. For crop production they include handling of residues from previous crops; primary and secondary tillage of the soil; fertilizer distribution and application; seeding, planting, and transplanting; cultivation; pest control; harvesting; transportation; storage; premarketing processing; drainage; irrigation and erosion control; and water conservation.
As a consequence, the design and operation of such equipment requires increased investment in research and development to enhance their operational and performance characteristics (see also, Human and Animal Powered Machinery).

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