In the meantime, it is imperative that human and animal powered mechanization is made as efficient and attractive as possible to eliminate some of the drudgery associated with it. Substantial investment in research and development by governments, industry and international agencies is required to achieve this goal. For example, it has been proposed that state-of-the-art precision farming technologies could be integrated with animal powered mechanization to enhance land productivity through precise application of crop nutrients and environmentally sensitive tillage systems.
Steam engines were widely used for only about fifty years between 1870 and 1920. After 1900 they were rapidly displaced by internal combustion engines and electric motors. Tractors came into widespread use in North America after about 1920, but coexisted with horses for roughly twenty-five to thirty years. Except for Great Britain, where tractors began to be adopted in the 1930s, the tractorization of European and Japanese agriculture was delayed until about 1955, after which it happened very quickly.

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In the meantime, it is imperative that human and animal powered mechanization is made as efficient and attractive as possible to eliminate some of the drudgery associated with it. Substantial investment in research and development by governments, industry and international agencies is required to achieve this goal. For example, it has been proposed that state-of-the-art precision farming technologies could be integrated with animal powered mechanization to enhance land productivity through precise application of crop nutrients and environmentally sensitive tillage systems.
Steam engines were widely used for only about fifty years between 1870 and 1920. After 1900 they were rapidly displaced by internal combustion engines and electric motors. Tractors came into widespread use in North America after about 1920, but coexisted with horses for roughly twenty-five to thirty years. Except for Great Britain, where tractors began to be adopted in the 1930s, the tractorization of European and Japanese agriculture was delayed until about 1955, after which it happened very quickly.

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