Human and animal powered mechanization systems (Figures 2 and 3) are described in detail in Human and Animal Powered Machinery, EOLSS on-line, 2002. The drudgery, long hours and low pay typically associated with these systems make rural life in the developing countries an unattractive career for young men and women.
This generalization corresponds to the substitution view of agricultural mechanization (Binswanger 1978). It differs from the net contributor view, which assumes that more machinery-in particular, tractors produces higher yields or other gains in output, regardless of the economic environment in which it is introduced. Such a view usually confuses the direct effects of mechanization with the indirect productivity effects of factor savings.

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Human and animal powered mechanization systems (Figures 2 and 3) are described in detail in Human and Animal Powered Machinery, EOLSS on-line, 2002. The drudgery, long hours and low pay typically associated with these systems make rural life in the developing countries an unattractive career for young men and women.
This generalization corresponds to the substitution view of agricultural mechanization (Binswanger 1978). It differs from the net contributor view, which assumes that more machinery-in particular, tractors produces higher yields or other gains in output, regardless of the economic environment in which it is introduced. Such a view usually confuses the direct effects of mechanization with the indirect productivity effects of factor savings.

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