Early tractor designs were based on the concept of substituting mechanical pulling or draft power for the draft animal classically associated with pulling plows through the soil, operating reaper and binder machines through fields of corn, or mowers through fields of grass. Cumbersome steam powered engines were soon to be replaced by the more energy efficient and compact internal combustion engine.
For smaller, less accessible areas, knapsack sprayers mounted on a persons back and operated by a manually pressurized nozzle are still quite popular and inexpensive. More specialized equipment including high-pressure orchard sprayers, airblast sprayers, electrostatic sprayers, aircraft sprayers and dusters has also been described in Fertilizer Applicators and Plant Protection Equipment (EOLSS on-line, 2002).

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Early tractor designs were based on the concept of substituting mechanical pulling or draft power for the draft animal classically associated with pulling plows through the soil, operating reaper and binder machines through fields of corn, or mowers through fields of grass. Cumbersome steam powered engines were soon to be replaced by the more energy efficient and compact internal combustion engine.
For smaller, less accessible areas, knapsack sprayers mounted on a persons back and operated by a manually pressurized nozzle are still quite popular and inexpensive. More specialized equipment including high-pressure orchard sprayers, airblast sprayers, electrostatic sprayers, aircraft sprayers and dusters has also been described in Fertilizer Applicators and Plant Protection Equipment (EOLSS on-line, 2002).

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