Among the stationary sources, water was first used for milling, pounding, and grinding in the first century B.C. in China. Water-powered milling was also invented in France in the fourth century A.D., though not until the twelfth century was it adopted throughout Europe. Wind power has historically been used almost exclusively for milling and for lifting small amounts of water. Mills and threshers were the most common users of steam power in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in both Europe and the United States.
Mechanical threshing based on human power, but especially on horses, became widespread in the United States and Britain as early as 1830. By 1850 virtually all grain in the United States was threshed by large mechanical threshers, which went from farm to farm during the winter months. Rental markets were extensive.

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Among the stationary sources, water was first used for milling, pounding, and grinding in the first century B.C. in China. Water-powered milling was also invented in France in the fourth century A.D., though not until the twelfth century was it adopted throughout Europe. Wind power has historically been used almost exclusively for milling and for lifting small amounts of water. Mills and threshers were the most common users of steam power in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in both Europe and the United States.
Mechanical threshing based on human power, but especially on horses, became widespread in the United States and Britain as early as 1830. By 1850 virtually all grain in the United States was threshed by large mechanical threshers, which went from farm to farm during the winter months. Rental markets were extensive.

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