The abundance of plant pests in the tropics, including weeds and disease, makes agriculture successful mainly in the plantation system, where needed control measures can be financed. The alternative is to move from deteriorated land to newer fields; this practice of shifting agriculture has also been common, because tropical soils lose their productive capacity so rapidly.
Protection from insect infestation may be accomplished by a combination of measures including temperature reduction and occasional fumigation. Irradiation has also been proposed to control insect infestation in cereals and other products but the cost of this expensive and controversial technology is prohibitive and in any event is limited to off-farm use.

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The abundance of plant pests in the tropics, including weeds and disease, makes agriculture successful mainly in the plantation system, where needed control measures can be financed. The alternative is to move from deteriorated land to newer fields; this practice of shifting agriculture has also been common, because tropical soils lose their productive capacity so rapidly.
Protection from insect infestation may be accomplished by a combination of measures including temperature reduction and occasional fumigation. Irradiation has also been proposed to control insect infestation in cereals and other products but the cost of this expensive and controversial technology is prohibitive and in any event is limited to off-farm use.

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