Europe went through equally dramatic changes after 1955. Cases 1 and 2 show that the labor effects of mechanization depend on the alternatives available to the economy. The Indian Punjab provides an opposite example. The green revolution initiated in the mid-1960s led to sharply increased demand for labor, which caused a big rise in real wages around 1968 (Gupta and Shangari 1979).
Transport, along with primary tillage, is one of the first uses of new sources of mobile power. Where distances are long, trucks rather than tractors are used for farm-to-market transport. Harvesting. Without machinery, harvesting is very labor-intensive.

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Europe went through equally dramatic changes after 1955. Cases 1 and 2 show that the labor effects of mechanization depend on the alternatives available to the economy. The Indian Punjab provides an opposite example. The green revolution initiated in the mid-1960s led to sharply increased demand for labor, which caused a big rise in real wages around 1968 (Gupta and Shangari 1979).
Transport, along with primary tillage, is one of the first uses of new sources of mobile power. Where distances are long, trucks rather than tractors are used for farm-to-market transport. Harvesting. Without machinery, harvesting is very labor-intensive.

Source 1 | Source 2 | Source 3

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