Provision of a guaranteed profitable income to primary producers is a powerful but expensive food policy instrument. The poorest countries that typically have the highest population growth and the greatest need to produce more food are least well placed to afford such a policy. As such, the international community and its agencies could make a huge contribution to food security by investing heavily in a program of guaranteed profitable income for farmers based on food production. Such a policy presupposes individual ownership of the land or a tenancy beneficially linked to productivity increase.
This in turn led to increased seasonal and permanent migration, primarily from Eastern India.4 But it also led to the use of more tractors and threshers by Punjab farmers. The combined effect of these developments was a decline in real wages after 1972-73, which brought them closer to the stagnant real wages in the rest of India's agriculture.

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Provision of a guaranteed profitable income to primary producers is a powerful but expensive food policy instrument. The poorest countries that typically have the highest population growth and the greatest need to produce more food are least well placed to afford such a policy. As such, the international community and its agencies could make a huge contribution to food security by investing heavily in a program of guaranteed profitable income for farmers based on food production. Such a policy presupposes individual ownership of the land or a tenancy beneficially linked to productivity increase.
This in turn led to increased seasonal and permanent migration, primarily from Eastern India.4 But it also led to the use of more tractors and threshers by Punjab farmers. The combined effect of these developments was a decline in real wages after 1972-73, which brought them closer to the stagnant real wages in the rest of India's agriculture.

Source 1 | Source 2 | Source 3

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