Cereal straw and other dry byproducts (wood chips) may be used in small on-farm boilers typically to generate heat for drying harvested crops (cereals, oilseeds) or space heating (greenhouses, residential). Furthermore, biogas (predominantly methane) generated from animal wastes (e.g. pig slurry) by anaerobic digestion may also be used to power on-farm boilers typically to generate heat and also electricity in larger and more sophisticated installations.
The lower tillage intensity in Africa may simply reflect the abundance of land: in order to maximize labor productivity, people work thinly over a large area. Under the substitution view, the profitability of mechanization and its contribution to economic growth depend on the opportunities available to workers (and sometimes draft animals) released from their tasks.

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Cereal straw and other dry byproducts (wood chips) may be used in small on-farm boilers typically to generate heat for drying harvested crops (cereals, oilseeds) or space heating (greenhouses, residential). Furthermore, biogas (predominantly methane) generated from animal wastes (e.g. pig slurry) by anaerobic digestion may also be used to power on-farm boilers typically to generate heat and also electricity in larger and more sophisticated installations.
The lower tillage intensity in Africa may simply reflect the abundance of land: in order to maximize labor productivity, people work thinly over a large area. Under the substitution view, the profitability of mechanization and its contribution to economic growth depend on the opportunities available to workers (and sometimes draft animals) released from their tasks.

Source 1 | Source 2 | Source 3

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